Nutrition Exam Essay Example

Nutrition Exam Paper What is traditionally used to determine intensity of aerobic activity? Heart Rate What is a disease caused by a nutritional deficiency? scurvy, goider, rickets What are some examples of a nutrient? carbohyrates, minerals, vitamins Name the macronutrients? carbs, fats and oils, proteins What nutrient is the most energy dense? Fats Name some micronutrients? vitamins and minerals Vitamins are classified into two groups, ________________ and ___________________. fat-soluble and water-soluble What are four characteristics of a healthful diet ? Adequate, moderate, balanced, variety What is required on all food labels? 1. Statement of Identity 2. Ingredients List 3. Nutritional Facts Panel The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends a minimum of how much moderate activity most days? 30 mins. Foods high in sugar promote what? Obesity, unhealthy diet and body Excess sodium in the diet is linked to ____________________ in some individuals. High Blood Pressure What is nutrient density? Most nutrients for their calories Healthier fat sources include ________ and canola oil. Olive and Canola Oil Hunger is best described as what? Physiological sensation that prompts us to eat. The smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down by natural means are what? Atoms What are the structural levels of the human body organized into (smallest to largest) ? Atomic, Molecular, cellular, tissue, organs, organ system, organism Why are cell membranes called semi permeable? It allows things to enter or leave the cell. What is the powerhouses of the cell that produces energy from food molecule called? Mitochondria What is the term that describes the process by which the foods we eat are broken down into smaller components by either mechanical or chemical means? Digestion What is the role that the liver plays in digestion and absorption of nutrients? 1. Produces Bile 2. Filters Blood (removes toxins) Most digestion and absorption occurs in the _____________________ . Small Intestines. The mechanical and chemical digestion of food is initiated in the ________________ . Mouth Salivary amylase is an ___________________ . Enzyme What are the component of the gastric juices? Hydrochloric Acid, Pepsin, Gastric Lipase, Mucus What is chyme? Partially Digested A primary function of the mucus in the stomach is to do what? Protect the stomach lining What macronutrient is NOT broken down chemically in the stomach? Carbohydrates Proteins that induce chemical changes to speed up body processes are called ? Enzymes Responding to the presence of fat in our meal, the gallbladder releases a substance called __________________ . Bile Which of the organ is responsible for the manufacturing and secretion of insulin and glucagon, as well as many digestive enzymes? Pancreas The fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase surface area and allow for the absorption of nutrients are called ? Villi In which organ does the majority of water absorption occur? Large Intestine What are probiotics? Live-Microorganisms thought to be healthy for host organsim (Lactic acid bacteria) What are the end product of photosynthesis? Glucose Single units (molecules) of carbohydrates are called ? Monosaccharides The term complex carbohydrates refers what? poly-saccharides (long chains of glucose molecules) Found in liver and skeletal muscle cells, _______________ is the storage form of glucose in animals Glycogen What is gluconeogenesis ? Production of glucose During periods of rest and low intensity activity the body uses ________ as its predominant fuel source. fat In the absence of carbohydrate, ______________ are produced from body fat as an alternative fuel for the brain. ketones The fiber that is manufactured and added to foods and fiber supplements is called ___________________ . Functional Fiber What health benefits are associated with consumption of soluble fibers? 1. Reduce risk of Type 2 Diabetes 2. Helps digestion What is associated with diets high in added sugars? 1. Cavities 2. Obesity 3. Decreased levels of good cholesterol Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body doesnt process __________________ properly. Glucose Why is yogurt tolerated better than milk by many lactase-deficient people? The bacteria in yogurt helps digest the lactose What are lipids? Fats and insoluble in water Most fat in the diet is in the form of ______________________________ . Saturated A fatty acid that contains no double bonds is called what? Trans fat What fatty acid is generally a solid at room temperature? saturated What foods are rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids? Olive oil and Canola Oil What food is the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids? Salmon (fish) The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid and creating a more solid fat is called what? Hydrogenation Diets high in trans fatty acids are associated with what problem? Can raise LDL levels What ingredient would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in a product? partially hydrogenated or shortening Why are phospholipids NOT an essential nutrient? They are manufactured in our body ____________________ are the key structural component of a cells membrane. Phospholipids The majority of fat digestion and absorption occurs in the ______________________ . Small Intestines To facilitate the digestion of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as ________________ . biles Where in the body are the majority of triglycerides stored for future energy needs? Adipose Tissue The longer an individual exercises, the more ___________________ is used for energy. Fat One potential problem with a very low-fat diet is that it may be deficient in _________________________ . Essential Fatty Acids What type of dietary fat is known to elevate blood cholesterol levels? Saturated Fat What is the leading cause of death in the United States? Cardiovascular Disease Diets high in ______________________ have been shown to decrease blood levels of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Omega-3 Fatty Acids The production of HDL is increased by _________________ . Omega-3 or excercise What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat? Nitrogen The ________________________ gives each amino acid its distinct properties. Sidechains Polypeptides are strings of ____________________ amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. 10 or more What food is a source of complete proteins? Chicken In the human body, proteins are found where? Muscle What is the major function of protein in the human body? 1.Building, repairing body tissue 2. Maintaining acid-base balance 3. Maintaining fluids In the stomach, proteins are broken down into smaller peptides by _________________ . Pepsin The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called what ______________________________ . Mutual Supplementation The type of vegetarian who consumes dairy products but excludes all other types of animal protein, is called a ________________________ . Lacto-vegetarian The proteins that help defend the body against bacteria, toxins and allergens are called what? Antibodies In the absence of adequate dietary carbohydrate the body can breakdown protein to provide glucose to the brain by a process known as what? Gluconeogenesis What best describes denaturation? 1.(Heat) 2. Chemical Reaction that causes a protein to lose its shape and function What is a complete protein? Contains all nine essential amino acids Where does the absorption of proteins occur ? Small Intestine What health problem has been associated with high protein intakes? High Cholesterol ________________ is the waste product that forms when nitrogen is removed from the amine group during amino acid metabolism. Urea What is edema? An abnormal fluid imbalance beneath the skin (swollen) After amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine they are transported by the blood stream directly to the ____________________ Liver What does aerobic mean? With Oxygen What would be the best fluid replacement for events lasting less than one hour? Water What is the primary mechanism by which the human body dissipates heat? (Evaporative Cooling), Sweating, Perspiration To avoid ________ contamination during pregnancy, fish consumption should not exceed 12 ounces a week. Mercury A low-birth-weight infant will weigh how much? less than 5.5 lbs In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens? 1st A normal-weight woman should gain approximately ________ during pregnancy. 25-35 lbs On average, Americans have a life expectancy that reaches into what age? late 70s What is traditionally used to evaluate the level of intensity of aerobic activity? heart rate What is the FIT principle ? Frequency (how much), Intensity, Time (how long) To achieve muscular fitness it is recommended that training should occur at least how many days? 2-3 days What describes fat-soluble vitamins? 1. Insoluble in water 2. Micronutrients 3. Soluble in fat The best known role that vitamin A plays in the human body is what ? Vision Where do humans obtain vitamin D? Sunlight What is the primary dietary source of vitamin D for humans? Milk What food preparation method would cause the greatest loss of vitamin C? Frying What are rich sources of vitamin C besides citric fruit? Broccoli and Spinach What term is synonymous with the word malignant? Cancerous What is a mineral? Organic Micronutrient The ________ diet has been used successfully to treat hypertension. D.A.S.H. Diets rich in ________ are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels. Potassium The major dietary source of iodine is _____________________ . Table Salt A deficiency of ________ is the most common deficiency worldwide. Iron The spongy bone found within the ends of long bones is called what? Trabecular Bone What is the most abundant mineral in our body? Calcium The majority of our bodys fluoride is stored in the ___________________ .. Teeth and Bones ___ ___ % of an adults healthy body weight is fluid. 50% to 70% The majority of the bodys fluid is found where? Within the cell What is the primary reason we sweat? Regulates Body Temperature What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Protects brain 2. Acts as shock absorber Which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance? Kidney Which of the groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration? Infants and Elderly ________ is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the bodys heat-regulating mechanisms. Heat Stroke ________ is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the bodys heat-regulating mechanisms. Heat Stroke Moderate alcohol consumption has been linked with a reduced risk of what disease? Cardiovascular Disease What athletes would benefit from using a sports drink to meet their hydration needs? Marathon Runner and Long Distance Runner A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called what? Morbid Obesity How is body mass index is determined ? Ratio of body weight to height The three components of total energy expenditure are what? 1. BMR 2. Thermic effect of food 3. How is energy expended An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a persons risk for what diseases? Cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes What assessment technique can be used to evaluate an individuals fat distribution pattern? Waist Circumference What describes the energy balance equation? Energy Intake = Energy Expended Skinfold measurements, underwater weighing, and the Bod Pod ® all measure what? Body Composition What is the set point theory? Your body has a set range that it wants to keep your weight at. What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity? Lean Body Mass Obesity is classified as having a BMI of what? 30-39.9 What best describes an eating disorder? 1. Abnormal eating 2. Atypical eating 3. Anorexia What type of eating disorder is characterized by episodes of bingeing and purging ? Bulimia Nervosa What is exercise? 1. Purposeful 2. Planned 3. Structured Physical Activity The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends engaging in a minimum of ________ minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week. 30 mins. ____________ is the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue. Physical Fitness What is meant by the overload principle? The principle of overload states that a greater than normal stress or load on the body is required for training adaptation to take place. The body will adapt to this stimulus. Once the body has adapted then a different stimulus is required to continue the change.

Free Essays on Vietnamization

President Nixon’s policy of Vietnamization (shifting control to the South Vietnamese) was â€Å"doomed to failure† by a culmination of circumstances. The primary reasons for the policy’s inevitable failure can be divided into three areas: 1) the politics and perceptions of Vietnam in the United States, 2) the attitude and conduct of the American servicemen stationed in Vietnam, and 3) the capabilities of the South Vietnamese forces. With the Vietnam conflict still showing no tangible results, the American public was increasingly against the continuation of the war. More and more prominent politicians were calling for the removal of American troops. Nixon realized that no end was near and he was unwilling to accept a compromise â€Å"that would amount to a disguised American defeat.† (1) So, he began two initiatives, one of withdrawing American troops and one of negotiating with the North Vietnamese. (2) The Vietnamization was not designed to produce a victory, but to replace the American lives with South Vietnamese. The Nixon administration was looking for â€Å"peace with honor.† They were looking for a way out of the war without defaulting the entire nation to the communist North. For Nixon, â€Å"The important thing was not to talk about peace, but to get peace and to get the right kind of peace.†(3) The Vietnamization policy seemed effective enough to the administration to gain a lasting peace, but South Vietnam was to eventually fall in April of 1975. America had gotten the treaty but had made key mistakes along the way. By pulling out before negotiations were complete Kissinger was quickly losing all of his â€Å"negotiating assets.† Also, the reduction of US troops was likely to result in Congress cutting funding to Saigon, thus making them increasingly vulnerable. (4) Not only was the troop reduction hurting negotiations and funding prospects; it was also hurting morale. Many of the soldiers disagreed with th... Free Essays on Vietnamization Free Essays on Vietnamization President Nixon’s policy of Vietnamization (shifting control to the South Vietnamese) was â€Å"doomed to failure† by a culmination of circumstances. The primary reasons for the policy’s inevitable failure can be divided into three areas: 1) the politics and perceptions of Vietnam in the United States, 2) the attitude and conduct of the American servicemen stationed in Vietnam, and 3) the capabilities of the South Vietnamese forces. With the Vietnam conflict still showing no tangible results, the American public was increasingly against the continuation of the war. More and more prominent politicians were calling for the removal of American troops. Nixon realized that no end was near and he was unwilling to accept a compromise â€Å"that would amount to a disguised American defeat.† (1) So, he began two initiatives, one of withdrawing American troops and one of negotiating with the North Vietnamese. (2) The Vietnamization was not designed to produce a victory, but to replace the American lives with South Vietnamese. The Nixon administration was looking for â€Å"peace with honor.† They were looking for a way out of the war without defaulting the entire nation to the communist North. For Nixon, â€Å"The important thing was not to talk about peace, but to get peace and to get the right kind of peace.†(3) The Vietnamization policy seemed effective enough to the administration to gain a lasting peace, but South Vietnam was to eventually fall in April of 1975. America had gotten the treaty but had made key mistakes along the way. By pulling out before negotiations were complete Kissinger was quickly losing all of his â€Å"negotiating assets.† Also, the reduction of US troops was likely to result in Congress cutting funding to Saigon, thus making them increasingly vulnerable. (4) Not only was the troop reduction hurting negotiations and funding prospects; it was also hurting morale. Many of the soldiers disagreed with th...

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 101

Assignment Example This led to permanent contract of money supply in the economy. This inflicted a severe damage to the financial stability of the US economy instead of increasing real quantities of money. The consumer price index at that time shows that the Fed was making several policy errors out the fear of increased inflation. The public interest considered a sacrifice for the inflation. In todays current world, the most commonly used way of producing money in the economy is through bank lending. When a commercial bank lends money to customers, firms and government organizations, it issues new money to the economy thus increasing the stock of money in the economy. Scholars in the Australian School of economics refer to this kind of producing money as ‘creating money out of thin air’. This is because the increase in money through the circulation of bank credit does not necessarily require the existence of actual savings (Ryan-Collins & Josh 78). In most cases, banks do not lend out reserves as loans. People may wonder why banks do not give out money to customers as loans yet they have enough deposits and reserves. Well, economists tend to explain this. Most of the people and businesses who took loan initially are now concentrating in paying the loan thus increasing the amount of reserves for the banks. In 2009, the US experienced a significant fall in the levels of loan creation. This is because damaged banks are very much reluctant to lend out money, fearful people do not want to invest in businesses that they tend to fear risks associated with borrowing money. In addition to these two factors, you still find that damaged households are afraid of borrowing money. The mixture of these three factors causes the level of demand and supply for money in the economy to reduce significantly. Nonetheless, banks are still lending out money but not at the same rate, they were doing it before the Great depression (Ryan-Collins & Josh 78). When Fed increases money supply in the

Stress distribution in the ankle joint, Ideal requirement for ankle Essay

Stress distribution in the ankle joint, Ideal requirement for ankle arthroplasty - Essay Example However, the dynamic stability to the joint can be attributed to the ligamentous support and balanced muscular forces acting around the joint. Although end-stage degenerative joint disease in uncommon in the ankle joint, in contrast to the previously offered ankle arthrodesis, with the newer designs of total ankle arthroplasty implants, the later has become a viable alternative. However, given the complex mechanism of the joint in terms of force distribution, any successful implant must be congruent with the biomechanical properties of this unique joint. To this end, stress distribution and other mechanical forces are the most important considerations, and in this assignment, some current total ankle replacements systems will be investigated as to whether they conform to the ideal requirements of stress distribution (Alvine, 2000). Studies have supported the clinical choice of total ankle replacement despite its complications since in comparison to arthrodesis, the ideal patients undergoing indicated total ankle replacements can experience a near-normal gait, greater range of movement, symmetrical timing but a slower gait, and restored ground reaction pattern. In actual clinical conditions, thus stress distribution across the implant becomes the most important engineering issue to be considered while choosing an implant. This is important more so, given the fact that there is indeed a higher reported incidence of frequent failure of the ankle implants. These have been ascribed to the designers and surgeons inability to reconstruct and restore the stabilising ligaments, to a poor simulation and reproduction of the normal mechanics of the joint, and due to these reasons, leading to a lack of involvement of the subtalar joint while the entire ankle complex need a coupled pattern of motion. This makes the total jo int replacement challenging, but also indicates that there is space for improvements in implant design

Nursing - Medication Errors Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing - Medication Errors - Research Paper Example To compress in a nut shell, it can be described as the wrong medication to the patients. This is where the role of nurses comes under scrutiny, as nurses could act as a major contributing factor for the occurrence of medication errors. Generally diagnoses of the diseases are carried out by the physicians with the aid of other medical personnel, including lab technicians. Monitoring the status of the patients and providing them with the right medicine as prescribed by the physicians at the right time frames is the basic and the essential task of the nurses. Moreover the medication errors are nurse-oriented, as they attend to each and every need of the patients, and are in direct contact with the patients, everyday. Hence they need to have accurate details about the medication given as well as the timings of drug delivery and perfect monitoring of the patients. When they fail to perform their duties in relation to drug delivery, it could end up in medication errors. Some of the major m edication errors that will be focused in this paper include the following, Over dosage of the medicine, or the route of administration Failure to prescribe or administer the exact drug to the patients Lack of observation – failure to observe the correct time of administration, this may be due to the difficulties in understanding the prescription and confusion about the different drugs which has similar names. These are some of the errors which can cause lethal effects to the patients such as drastic physical complications affecting various parts of the body, and in extreme cases coma or even death in some patients. Recent studies reveal that â€Å"Ten to 18 percent of all reported hospital injuries have been attributed to medication errors.† (Mayo and Duncan, 2004). â€Å"Of the approximately 44,000 –98,000 patient deaths reported each year because of medical errors, 7,000 were attributed to medication† errors. (Stratton et al., 2004). These statistical d ata would back up the fact of the lethal effects caused by medication errors caused by the nurses. Hence, this paper will discuss the issues related to the medication errors, which are issues related to nursing, direct and indirect impacts on the health care policy, statistical data to support the issue and other implications for future nursing practices. Medication errors related to nursing A patient who comes to a healthcare facility can be treated optimally only if proper diagnosis is made, and importantly correct drug therapy is prescribed and carried out. However, â€Å"drug therapy cannot be successful unless, and until, both the prescribing and medication delivery processes are conducted correctly.† (Flynn et al., 2002). During this prescribing and delivery process, there are many chances of error creeping in, with all the healthcare personnel including physicians, technicians, nurses, etc., liable for it. They could do some minor or even major error, and that could co ntribute to major problems for the patient, themselves and to the healthcare facility. However, the issue with these medication errors is that many errors go undocumented and unreported. This perspective was validated by Flynn et al. (2002), who stated â€Å"errors resulting in serious harm are reported because they are easy to identify and hard to conceal, yet they represent the "tip of the iceberg",† with many errors intentionally or unintentionally concealed by various players. Among the various players or healthcare person

The Red Badge Of Courage Analysis English Literature Essay

The Red Badge Of Courage Analysis English Literature Essay The Red Badge of Courage is a classic Civil War novel that was written by Stephen Crane in 1895. Being a soldier in the Civil War was dangerous, with a death toll of over 600,000. Becoming one of those numbers was an obvious fear for most soldiers. The question is, are you willing to fight for your side or are you a coward? This question plays an important role throughout the story, as it is the key factor in Henry Flemings mind. This question helps Fleming and his fellow soldiers in their transition from boys to men. Crane creates three major characters that develop into mature soldiers after going through a dramatic psychological change while they learn through the events and hardships they face in their first days of war. Henry Fleming is the protagonist of the story and the story is told through his eyes and his thoughts. He is young and immature, so he enlists for all the wrong reasons. The only reason he joins the army is for the glory. He is not enlisting because of what he believes in. The duty of being a soldier is not important to him. He enjoys the attention he receives shortly before leaving home and he hopes to earn more glory in battle. Henry only thinks of the glory in the short run. He looks forward to coming home to tell all his stories of heroism before he even fights. Once he is actually in the situation of having to fight, Henry questions his courage. He wonders if he is a hero or if he is just a coward. In the beginning of the war, Henry fears fighting at the expense of his own life. In Henrys first skirmish, he quickly reveals himself to be a coward. He began to exaggerate the endurance, the skill, and the valor of those who were coming. Himself reeling from exhaustion, he was aston ished beyond measure at such persistency. They must be machines of steel. It was very gloomy struggling against such affairs, wound up perhaps to fight until sundown (Crane 41). Henry cannot believe that the soldiers are coming for a second charge. He could barely accomplish holding them back once. Once Henry flees the battle scene, he is angry at his fellow soldiers. He resents the men for not being as intelligent as him. He claims that they are stupid to stay and fight against an inevitable death, just because they did hold the enemy. Henry is so immature that he tries to make himself feel superior with these feelings of jealousy. Henry wanted the glory of winning a battle but his lack of courage prevented him from earning it. He assures himself that he is right and that running is better for the army because he preserved his life. As he begins to wander and find his regiment that he had abandoned, Henry notices all the wounded soldiers and becomes jealous of their injuries, as he wishes he had a wound the show off to his comrades. Without a wound, Henry had no proof that he had fought alongside his regiment. Henry is an immature kid that only desires a wound to avoid being titled a coward. His fear becomes extreme when he leaves the tattered man to die, even though he knows that by abandoning him, the man has no chance of survival. If Henry was not so concerned with the mans constant questioning, he could have saved his life. Henry believes that being labeled as a coward is worse than the man dying. Henry is vain and does not care about anyone but himself. His fear of being exposed takes over him and he loses all of his morals. He drops to the point to where he even hopes his side loses the battle just so he can have the satisfaction of knowing he predicted the right outcome by fleeing. Once confronted about his head wound he received from his own sides soldier, he lies and claims it is a bullet wound. His regiment believing that he was grazed by a bullet g ives Henry a false sense of accomplishment. Henrys main fear at this point shifts from death to being discovered to be nothing but a fraud. After Wilson retrieves his letter back from Henry, he feels superior to Wilson. His friend at his side seemed suffering great shame. As he contemplated him, the youth felt his heart grow more strong and stout. He had never been compelled to blush in such manner for his acts; he was an individual of extraordinary virtues (Crane 91). Henrys sense of pride over Wilson is ironic; Henry has done nothing but flee, while Wilson fought bravely and stood his ground. He had performed his mistakes in the dark, so he was still a man (Crane 90). Henry convinces himself that he is a man and has nothing to be ashamed of because only he knows the truth of his cowardice acts. Henry is so full of false accomplishment that he blinds himself from the truth. Henry becomes so afraid of being discovered that he loses his sense of thought in his next battle and blindly fires at the enemy, even after the battle ended. He begins to worry so much about his reputation to the point where all he thinks about is looking like a soldier, and then he finally appears to be one. Although Henry is fighting for the wrong reasons in the battle, it is his turning point in his development as a man. He made the transition to a hero but did not even realize it. He finally realizes that becoming a hero is nothing like the stories that he hears from other soldiers, but the title comes from following orders and standing your ground. It is not as amazing and interesting as he had planned on it, so he becomes less fascinated with creating war stories to go home and share with his town. The glory does not control his actions anymore. He transforms from a selfish soldier who cares about no one but himself to a soldier in the 304th regiment. He becomes one with his regiment and his pride shifts from himself to the reputation of his entire regiment. When he overhears the li eutenant calling his regiment mule drivers, he becomes offended and makes his new goal proving his officer wrong. Although he could have told his regiment about the insult, Henry finally keeps it to himself. This is the first time that Henry did not take an opportunity to insult his officers. He knows that this was the mature and obedient move that a real soldier would make. He did not want to hurt the pride of his comrades, which before he would have taken the opportunity in an instant just to make himself feel superior. When the regiments color sergeant was slain, he unhesitatingly seized the colors and thereafter kept them steadily to the front, showing again his fearlessness (Lentz 259). Henry leads his army ahead and is not afraid of being killed or even thinking about his reputation. He grabs the flag without thinking because he does whatever he can to insure victory for his regiment. Henry started the war as immature, vain, and arrogant. Although the events only took place ov er two days, Henry matured quickly into a soldier who was proud of not only himself, but all his comrades. He evolved into a leader for his regiment and was willing to die for his army, just to make the battle more difficult for the enemy. Jim Conklin is the perfect example of an obedient, respectful soldier. Jim is Henrys childhood friend. Jim follows orders with no difficulty and maintains his dedication to the union. His duty as a soldier is fulfilling enough for Jim, as he does not care about any type of fame or glory. He spreads rumors that the regiment will move the next day because he tries to get them excited about their first march in months. Jim acts as close to an officer as you can get. He stops arguments, gives advice to his comrades, and attempts to raise morale throughout the camp and the regiments marches. Jim has no fear of death and does not worry about being called a coward. He claims if his comrades fight, he will fight. If they run, he will run. He will follow his regiment and support whatever decision they make. Although Jim is passionate about what he does, he is quiet when he needs to be. He does not criticize his superiors or complain in battle, but he complies with everything that is demanded of him. Whenever Jim is later found by Henry, he seems to be quieter than usual, keeping to himself. Jim knows he is dying and does not crave the attention of others to give him a dramatic death. He does not seek the Greek tradition of being laid upon his shield like Henry desires. He actually prefers the thought of dying alone with nothing there to bother him as he tries to go peacefully. He does not curse the gods or the war he is fighting in, he dies as a fine soldier does. Wilson is a loud, arrogant soldier that is similar to Henry Fleming. Because we only have access to Henrys thoughts, we do not know if Wilson fears the title of a coward. When questioned by Henry if he would flee, Wilson becomes angry and walks off in a rage. It is safe to assume that Wilson fears the title but uses his anger as a protective barrier from the subject. Wilson is confident in himself that he will succeed in war, but deep down he knows that it is possible that he could run. The question does not control Wilson like it does Henry, but he puts on the front of the tough guy to convince himself that he will be a force on the battlefield. Wilson shows his vulnerability early by giving the letter to Henry, showing he is terrified of fighting and he loses all confidence in himself. Wilson does not believe he will survive and that brings out his true character. Although it appears that he does not flee, he undergoes a drastic change in personality. When reunited with Henry, he n urses his friend back to his feet. Ironically, pride and arrogance is now completely lacking in Wilson, who had only shortly before been supremely cocky (Johnson 8). He transforms into a quiet, obedient soldier. Although he loses his overwhelming personality, he keeps the same confidence. He no longer speaks as if he is a god, but he is confident in himself and he does not need anyone else to know it. It is almost as if he takes over Jims personality after Jim had died. He shows this by keeping quiet and even breaking up a fight that starts inside the camp he is watching. He no longer lets his pride control him. When he asks Henry for the letter to his family back he faces a great amount of embarrassment, even making him blush, but he does not care about his reputation or if he is called a coward. He later forms into his regiment and leaves the individualism he used to seek behind. These three soldiers all have three different personalities to start the story, but by the end of the novel they all have their personalities altered into the ideal soldier. Henry and Wilson both begin the story as soldiers terrified to die, but they eventually evolve into soldiers willing to die for their side, almost a mirror of Jim. It just shows that a young inexperienced soldier needs a mature mentor resembling Jim to teach them the right attitude in war.

Ethical Dilemma Essays -- Health Care, Nurses

The two principles that are in focus are beneficence and nonmaleficence. Both beneficence and nonmaleficence have played a fundamental historical role in medical ethics (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). Nonmaleficence is often paired with beneficence, but there is a difference between these two principles (Rich, 2008). According to Beauchamp and Childress (2009) conflating beneficence and nonmaleficence into a single principle obscures important distinctions. In addition, both of these ethical principles beneficence and nonmaleficence are strengthened by state nursing practice acts, which mandate that nurses are legally obligated to safeguard patients and the profession (Bjarnason & LaSala, 2011). Furthermore, it is with great purpose that we discuss the two principles beneficence and nonmalficence and their importance to the nursing profession. The principle of beneficence is concerned with a moral obligation to act for the benefits of others (Kennedy, 2004). Additionally, beneficence is the principle consisting of deeds such as mercy, kindness, and charity (Rich, 2008). There are other forms of beneficence including altruism, love, and humanity (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). We use beneficence in order to cover beneficent actions more broadly, so that it includes all forms of action to benefit other persons (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). Overall, beneficence implies that an individual takes action to do good by benefiting others and facilitating their well-being. Beneficence also requires that benefits are balanced against risks and costs (Kennedy, 2004). In order for a person to â€Å"do good†, they must also consider the values of individual in question (Bjarnason & LaSala, 2011). Health care professionals have a duty t... ...ey encounter an ethical dilemma (Rich, 2008). Nurses can also periodically be called to an ethics committee to consult to gain access to needed help to resolve ethical dilemmas. Serving on an ethics committee with other disciplines and discussing the ethical dilemmas brought before the committee can be an informing and challenging process for a nurse (Lachman, 2010). Furthermore, the opportunity to help patients, staff, and families resolve these dilemmas is professionally rewarding for a nurse (Lachman, 2010). Overall, ethical dilemmas are faced every day in the clinical practice of nurses. When facing an ethical dilemma, remembering to preserve the patient's autonomy, dignity and rights is an important part of ethically solving the dilemma. However, if the ethical dilemma cannot be resolved nurses have the right to seek advice from other professionals. â€Æ'